Fast-Acting Oral Sprays

Why are they effective?;

The term Oral spray delivery (oral sprays) and the Bioavailability Theirs are the subject of study in Pharmacokinetics and Drug Delivery Systems.

Oral sprays are administered:

• sublingual under the tongue
• Cheekbones (inside of the cheek)

The ingredients are transferred directly from the oral mucosa and transported into the bloodstream.

 Why do they have greater or faster bioavailability.

Hepatic bypass (first-pass effect)

In the capsules:

• stomach → intestine → liver
• there the so-called first-pass metabolism exists

This reduces bioavailability.

In mouth sprays:

• The ingredients are transferred directly into the bloodstream and they are not initially destroyed in the liver

Rapid absorption from the oral mucosa

The oral mucosa

• He is thin
• It has many blood vessels

Allows rapid diffusion of ingredients → faster action (in minutes)

No dissolution required

The sprays:

• dissolve in the stomach
• absorbed in the intestine

The sprays:

• It is already in liquid form
• absorbed directly

What do the surveys show

Studies in pharmacokinetics show that:

• Sublingual/oral sprays have a shorter time to peak concentration (Tmax)
• present a faster onset of action
• they can have greater bioavailability, especially for ingredients that are heavily metabolised in the liver

Conclusion

Oral sprays often have faster and more effective absorption because:

• bypass the digestive system
• they avoid hepatic metabolism
• are immediately absorbed by vascularised tissues

Bibliography (APA)

• Bruschi, M. L. (2015). Strategies to modify the drug release from pharmaceutical systems. Woodhead Publishing.
• Costantino, H. R., Illum, L., Brandt, G., Johnson, P. H., & Quay, S. C. (2007). Intranasal delivery: Physicochemical and therapeutic aspects. *International Journal of Pharmaceutics*, *337*(1–2), 1–24.
• Dhakar, R. C., Maurya, S. D., Saluja, V., & Fromling, M. (2011). Buccal drug delivery system: A review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 2(1), 81–92.
• Shojaei, A. H. (1998). Buccal mucosa as a route for systemic drug delivery. Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1(1), 15–30.
• Illum, L. (2000). Transport of drugs from the nasal cavity to the central nervous system. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 11(1), 1–18.
• Pather, S. I., Rathbone, M. J., & Senel, S. (2008). Current status and the future of buccal drug delivery systems. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 5(5), 531–542.

Bibliography (Harvard)

• Bruschi, M.L., 2015. Strategies to modify the drug release from pharmaceutical systems. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing.
• Costantino, H.R. et al., 2007. Intranasal delivery: physicochemical and therapeutic aspects. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 337(1–2), pp.1–24.
• Dhakar, R.C. et al., 2011. Buccal drug delivery system: a review. *International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research*, 2(1), pp.81–92.
• Shojaei, A.H., 1998. Buccal mucosa as a route for systemic drug delivery. Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1(1), pp.15–30.
• Illum, L., 2000. Transport of drugs from the nasal cavity to the central nervous system. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 11(1), pp.1–18.
• Pather, S.I., Rathbone, M.J. and Senel, S., 2008. Current status and the future of buccal drug delivery systems. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 5(5), pp.531–542.